El incremento constante de la prevalencia de obesidad desde la infancia es realmente preocupante. Los niños con sobrepeso tienen más probabilidades de padecer enfermedades como la diabetes y enfermedades cardiovasculares. El estrés psicológico de la discriminación social puede originar baja autoestima y a su vez, provocar un rendimiento inferior en el funcionamiento académico y social, persistiendo en la edad adulta. Por esto mismo, la evaluación precoz de la obesidad infantil es sumamente importante ya que es el mejor momento para evitar posibles enfermedades. Es una etapa crucial para generar hábitos alimentarios y un estilo de vida saludable que persista en etapas posteriores.
¿Cómo comenzar el tratamiento?
Conocer los hábitos alimentarios del niño y la familia es de mucha importancia para lograr una correcta educación alimentaria.
Conocer sus gustos alimentarios, como así también frecuencia de ingestas y porciones, tipo de ejercicio que realiza y sus preferencias en sus momentos de ocio, son pautas importantísimas que nos ayudan a detectar de mejor forma lo que estaría provocando el sobrepeso y el tratamiento adecuado.
Cada niño se involucra de manera distinta al tratamiento, por eso, no hay un mismo camino a seguir, se debe considerar el carácter, intereses y posibilidades de cada uno.
¿Qué debe tener en cuenta el entorno?
Es de suma importancia que el niño reciba estímulos y refuerzo social, a través de mensajes positivos para que de esta forma mejore su autoestima y se sienta más seguro de sí mismo. El tratamiento será efectivo si cuenta con el apoyo e incentivo de su familia.
12 consejos a tener en cuenta…
Ofrecer porciones acordes a su edad.
Incorporar más verduras, frutas, legumbres y pescado.
Disminuir la cantidad de alimentos fritos y embutidos.
Dejar para ocasiones especiales las gaseosas y golosinas.
Realizar un desayuno saludable, incorporando lácteos, frutas y cereales
La bebida de elección para el almuerzo y cena debe ser el agua.
Equilibrar los menús de la escuela con los menús de la cenas.
Hacer todas las comidas posibles en familia.
Elegir jugos naturales o sin azúcar agregada.
Buscar una actividad física acorde a sus preferencias y posibilidades
No utilizar nunca los alimentos como recompensa o castigo
Acompañar este cambio de hábitos con mucho cariño y paciencia
¿Qué actividad física debe realizar?
Se debe buscar
una actividad física que esté de acuerdo con los intereses del niño, e ir intensificándola en forma gradual. Si se comienza con un ejercicio exigente, el niño puede cansarse, asustarse y rechazarlo. ¿Frecuencia? Debe realizarla en forma continua, si es posible una caminata diaria, de esta manera logramos, también reducir el tiempo de actividades sedentarias, como mirar televisión o jugar a los videos juegos.
¿Qué buscamos?
El objetivo principal es reducir la tasa de aumento de peso, permitiendo el crecimiento y desarrollo normal del niño, dándole las herramientas necesarias para que pueda sostener un estilo de vida saludable en su adultez. La infancia es el mejor momento para crear hábitos saludables a través de la educación alimentaria.
“El futuro depende de lo que hacemos en el presente” Mahatma Gandhi
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